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1993-05-22
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Weekly Health Bulletin
Courtesy of Black Bag Medical Information Services
America's Online Health Information Connection(tm)
302-994-3772
This document is provided for educational purposes only. The
information provided is NOT to be considered as diagnostic or
individual advice. No specific medical quidance or treatment can be
recommended without consultation with a physician. You should consult
your personal physician prior to utilizing any medical information
discussed in this document. Those contributing to this informational
bulletin, disclaim all responsibility for any actions taken by persons
in reliance upon information stated in this program. Should you choose to
disregard this warning, you assume the risk and responsibility for your
actions.
COMMON-SENSE METHODS OF
AVOIDING YOUR PET'S DISEASES
People love their pets. They pet them,
hold them, romp with them and live with them. This meets many
people's emotional needs and provides a valuable educational
experience for children.
Close contact between pets and people also provides the
chance for transmission of disease in both directions.
Children especially are susceptible with their innate
curiosity and careless sanitary habits, according to
physicians at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)
Medical Center.
Since there is no reason to believe our fascination with
pets will change, it's worth mentioning the more common
diseases passed from animals to man and ways to decrease the
likelihood of transmission. Although the list of diseases in
this category, called zoonoses, is extensive, we will mention
on the most common examples.
BITES
Many Americans are bitten by dogs or cats each year.
Although rabies vaccinations and animal-control programs have
decreased the chances of humans catching rabies, more than
30,000 people each year undergo rabies vaccination after a
dog-bite. Make sure your dog's and cat's vaccinations are up-
to-date.
Although dog-bites are more common than those from cats,
cat-bites are more likely to result in infections. These
infections tend to be from wound contamination with bacteria
such as streptococcus or staphylococcus.
PARASITIC DISEASES
Nearly all puppies are infested with the dog roundworm.
Inadvertent ingestion of the eggs of this parasite, shed in
the stools of infected dogs, results in migration of the worm
larvae through the liver, lungs, heart, brain and eyes. Tissue
damage and disease varies from mild to severe. Young children
are at particular risk because of their intimate association
with dogs. Animals should be checked regularly for worms by
your veterinarian and treated if necessary. The dog will be
healthier and the chance of spreading the disease to humans is
decreased.
Two common species of tapeworms also can be passed from
dog to man. A condition called hydatid disease, caused by one
of these parasites, seriously damages the liver, lungs, brain
and bones. Regular examination of your dog and treatment, when
necessary, are effective preventive measures.
Toxoplasmosis, a disease caused by a one-celled parasite
often found in cats, is an important human disease. The
parasite is shed in the cat's feces. It causes pneumonia,
encephalitis and damage tot he retina of the eye in humans.
Most importantly, fetal tissue can be damaged leading to
miscarriage, mental retardation and possible death of the
fetus. Women of child-bearing age should avoid all contact
with cat-litter boxes and soil contaminated with cat feces.
Persons of any age are at risk of developing the other
manifestations of toxoplasmosis.
Adequate sanitation of animals' quarters, regular
veterinary care of animals and careful personal hygiene of
people around animals are essential to decrease the likelihood
of disease transmission. Our close association with animals
dictates such measures.
Part II
INJURED TOOTH: WHAT TO DO
Even with today's protective sports equipment, the mouth and face remain
susceptible to injuries from wayward balls, bats, rackets, elbows and
falls.
The lips, cheeks, tongue, gums and soft palate can be
bruised, abraded, cut or penetrated. The hard tissues--the teeth,
the bone surrounding the teeth and the jaw bones--can be
fractured and the normal anatomy distorted. Although injuries
involving the mouth and teeth require professional evaluation and
treatment, knowing what to do before you reach the emergency room
or dental office often can save a loosened tooth or a tooth
knocked out altogether.
If an injury to the mouth and its surrounding bone results
in a loosened tooth or one that is knocked out of line, it is
called a luxated injury. When a tooth is knocked out of line,
gently push it back into its normal alignment and head for the
dentist. Luxated teeth often are associated with fractures of the
bone surrounding the tooth and require expert care to save the
tooth.
When a tooth is completely displaced or knocked out of its
socket, the injury is called an avulsion injury. Modern dental
techniques often can save a tooth when treatment is begun within
an hour after the injury. If a tooth remains outside the socket
longer than an hour, the chances it can be saved are poor.
If you know you cannot receive professional help within an
hour, try the following procedures. The sooner a tooth is
reimplanted within its socket, especially within the first 15
minutes, the better the chance it will survive.
When a tooth is knocked out of its socket but remains in the
mouth, attempt to replace the tooth in its socket. This helps
preserve the delicate cells necessary for the tooth to reattach
itself to the gum.
If a tooth is knocked out of the mouth, pick it up by the
crown, not by the roots. Rinse it gently in water, or better yet,
water with a small amount of salt added. Then attempt to put the
tooth back in its socket. Do not scrub the tooth. Do not wash it
vigorously or use soap, detergents or alcohol. These procedures
destroy the cells necessary for reattachment.
When swelling, bleeding or other injuries make it impossible
to fit the tooth back in its socket, save the tooth and take it
to the dentist. Wrap the tooth in clean gauze moistened with
clean water or a water-salt mixture.
If no clean gauze is available, place the tooth under the
tongue. Never place a tooth under the tongue if there is brisk
bleeding in the mouth. This increases the chance of swallowing
the tooth.
If your child suffers a luxated or avulsed tooth, try the
same procedures, but do not place an avulsed tooth under a young
child's tongue or under anyone's tongue unless they are calm,
fully alert and cooperative.
After an injury to the mouth, seek professional care as soon
as possible. It often helps to notify the dentist's office or
emergency room you are on the way. Alerting the staff about the
problem helps assure appropriate personnel will be on hand to
deliver treatment with as little delay as possible. Be as
specific as you can about the injury.
This news file is compiled weekly from the archives of the
BLACK BAG MEDICAL INFORMATION SERVICES
302-994-3772
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